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Leong book

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Published by Amarin Publishing, Bangkok, Thailand
Fall 2005
128 pages

Price: $55.00

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Microwave Technology
for Light Microscopy and Ultrastructural Studies
by Anthony S-Y Leong, M.D.

Dr. Anthony S-Y Leong is one of the world's best-known pioneers in the use of microwave technology for histopathology. This book is a compendium of the knowledge he has gathered in 20 years of activity. It describes the variety of purposes to which microwaves can be applied, providing detailed information on the techniques and procedures that he and his colleagues have developed.

This book is an excellent primer for any pathologist or histologist who is considering the transition to microwaves. It is also good reading for anyone who has already made that transition and now wants to get the most out of their new technology.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction


  • Effects of low dose microwave and radio frequency radiation on mammalian tissues
  • Microwaves - physical properties
  • Background to applications in histopathology

2. Tissue Fixation


  • MW fixation of large specimens
  • MW fixation of tisue blocks
  • Motable differences in the properties of MW-fixed and formalin-fixed sections
  • Incorporation of MW-fixation with conventional tissue processing
  • Formaldehyde toxicity
  • Principles of tissue fixation
  • A classification of MW fixation
  • MW-stimulated aqueous formaldehyde fixation
  • MW fixation and MW stimulated fixation of whole organs
  • MWs for fixation in neurochemical analysis
  • Optimal temperatures for MW fixation and MW stimulated fixation
  • Protocol for MW fixation for light microscopy
  • Are organisms destroyed during MW fixation?
  • MW fixation for electron microscopy
  • Ultrastructural enzyme and antigen preservation in MW-fixed tissues
  • Protocol for MW stimulated fixation of specimens for electron microscopy
  • MW stimulated fixation for accelerated processing of fine needle biopsy specimens for ultrastructural diagnosis
  • Protocol for rapid MW stimulated fixation and processing of fine needle aspiration biopsies
  • MW fixation for cytological preparations

3. MW Accelerated Demineralisation


4. Cryostat Sections


5. Histochemical and Immunohistological Staining


  • Light microscopy
  • MW-stimulated staining of reticulin in plastic sections with ammoniacal silver nitrate (Leong and Pulbrook, 1989)
  • A new MW-stimulated stain for melanocytic lesions (Leong & Gillham, 1989)
  • Electron microscopy
  • Immunohistological staining
  • General comments

6. Antigen Retrieval


  • Introduction
  • MW antigen retrieval
  • Antigen retrieval for cytological preparations
  • Protocol for immunolabelling of cytological preparations
  • Antigen retrieval for electron microscopy
  • Proposed mechanism of formalin fixation and antigen retrieval

7. Applications in Molecular Analyses


8. Rapid Tissue Processing


  • Conventional Tissue Processing
  • MW-Stimulated Tissue Processing
  • Impact of MW-Stimulated Tissue Processing
  • Protocol for MW-Stimulated Tissue Processing
  • Rapid Processing for Electron Microscopy

9. Chemical and Industrial Applications


10. Conclusions